Desarrollo cerebral y asunción de riesgos durante la adolescencia

Abstract

Recently, the use in neuroscience research of Magnetic Resonance Imaging has generated very interesting data about changes in the brain during the years of adolescence. Those changes occur mainly in the prefrontal cortex, a brain region, involved in many cognitive processes, that experiences an important development after puberty and which does not mature fully until early adulthood. Also, the mesolimbic dopamine reward circuitry experiences significant changes due to hormonal activity during puberty. As a  consequence of those changes, during early adolescence arises a lack of balance between the cognitive and motivational brain systems. This imbalance could create a certain vulnerability during adolescence that justify the increase in some behaviours such as impulsivity and risk-taking. Those finding and some practical applications for education and social policy are presented and discussed.