Encopresis: A conceptual analysis aimed at prevention and treatment

Abstract

Encopresis is analyzed considering, in first place, its definitions and assessment and classification systems, and continuing with etiological approaches which lead to prevention and treatment programmes. This study involves reconceptualizing these aspects. Thus, the most common criteria for the identification of encopresis are presented, and direct and indirect assessment devices, as well as the need and usefulness of classification, are discussed. The different conceptual viewpoints explaining the causes of this phenomenon are presented and discussed, from those of a more organic nature to more dynamic views, including an extension of the behavioural hypothesis. Finally, a brief description of most used treatment procedures and guidelines is provided, with emphasis on.maintenance and generalization of change.