Mujeres, ciencia y psicología: el ininterrumpido debate sobre el determinismo biológico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70478/apuntes.psi.2025.43.03Palabras clave:
Mujeres, Género, Ciencia, Psicología, Determinismo biológico, HistoriaResumen
Aunque la psicología de género no fue reconocida como área de especialización hasta mediados del siglo XX, la construcción psicológica de la feminidad tiene un largo pasado que se remonta a la filosofía clásica. Este trabajo se centrará en considerar históricamente el papel que el determinismo biológico ha jugado en la conformación del espacio disciplinar de la psicología de género. Analizaré particularmente la contribución de la teoría de la evolución y de sus extensiones sociales y psicológicas que, usadas como argumento de autoridad científica, legitimaron usos sociales y sirvieron de barrera de contención ante las demandas feministas de la época. Se considerará la influencia de factores ajenos a lo científico en la determinación de sus modos de pensamiento, sus construcciones teóricas y sus prácticas. Examinaré, las reacciones al determinismo biológico, principalmente desde la psicología, que defendieron el origen social y cultural de las diferencias entre los sexos. Para concluir sostendré que el determinismo biológico todavía vigente especialmente en el campo de las neurociencias se basa en las mismas suposiciones que tiempo atrás y argumentando que el trabajo histórico puede ayudarnos a comprender mejor las dinámicas y las relaciones de poder actuales dentro de este dominio epistémico.
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