Emparejamiento verbal para transferir funciones por condicionamiento clásico: un estudio experimental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55414/rc6vst94Palabras clave:
Emparejamiento verbal , Condicionamiento clásico , Transferencia de funciones , Caso único , AdultosResumen
La transferencia de funciones es clave para explicar el cambio en la conducta fruto de una intervención terapéutica y tradicionalmente se ha explicado con base en procesos de condicionamiento operante. Este trabajo exploratorio buscó encontrar evidencia experimental de la transferencia de funciones utilizando procedimientos de condicionamiento clásico. Se utilizaron tres estímulos visuales condicionados (EC1, EC2 y EC3) y uno incondicionado aversivo (EI) auditivo. Se asoció EC1 con EC2, EC3 con EI y después se emparejó verbalmente EC1 con EC3 buscando transferir la función del EI al EC2 sin haber sido nunca asociado de manera directa. Se midió la actividad electrodérmica en cuatro adultos y se realizó una prueba de transferencia. Se encontró sólo alguna evidencia de la transferencia de la función del EI elicitador de la actividad electrodérmica (un chirrido) a una imagen visual (EC2) a través del emparejamiento de las palabras “Antonio” (EC1) y “chirrido” (EC3), previamente condicionados. Este hallazgo exploratorio sugiere de manera tentativa que el condicionamiento pavloviano podría explicar algunos procesos terapéuticos, relacionados con el efecto que la interacción verbal entre cliente y terapeuta tiene sobre la conducta del primero y su control fuera de la clínica, completando las explicaciones tradicionales basadas en condicionamiento operante. Sin embargo, es insuficiente y se comentan limitaciones y sugerencias para la continuidad de esta línea de investigación.
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