La fenomenología de la comorbilidad del trauma y la psicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55414/wfr6b816Palabras clave:
Psicosis, Trauma, Trastorno de estrés postraumático, Comorbilidad, FenomenologíaResumen
A lo largo de este artículo queremos reflejar cómo la psicosis y el trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) no son entidades tan distintas ni separadas, sino que con frecuencia confluyen y se solapan. Muchas investigaciones nos indican que la prevalencia vital de TEPT en pacientes mentales graves es muy superior a la de la población general. Algunos autores concluyen que algunas personas con sintomatología psicótica desarrollan TEPT como resultado de la propia experiencia psicótica. Durante muchos años los investigadores se han centrado preferentemente en la relación del trauma con síndromes no psicóticos. No obstante, en los últimos años se ha producido un gran interés sobre cómo el trauma puede precipitar o favorecer la aparición de cuadros psicóticos. Por otro lado, parece existir evidencia empírica que señala la existencia de un subtipo TEPT con síntomas psicóticos. Por último, Morrison, Frame y Larkin (2003) plantean, que tanto la psicosis como el TEPT, representan un continuo de respuestas del individuo sometido a un evento traumático. Las similitudes entre ambos trastornos indican que podrían formar parte del mismo espectro de respuestas ante un acontecimiento traumático. No obstante, es preciso indagar el por qué el trauma da lugar un tipo de síntomas u otros. Visto todo lo anterior, el objetivo de este artículo es examinar la naturaleza de las distintas relaciones entre la psicosis y el trauma. Así como, recomendar encarecidamente que se introduzcan protocolos específicos y preguntas rutinarias para detectar y tratar el abuso sexual y físico en pacientes con trastornos psicóticos.
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