Donación renal en vida: revisión sistemática de las repercusiones psicológicas del trasplante
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55414/ap.v41i2.1535Palabras clave:
Riñ´ón vivo, donante, receptor, trasplante, sintomatología, psicológicoResumen
En la actualidad el trasplante de riñón en vida se ha convertido en el tratamiento óptimo para los pacientes con enfermedad renal en etapa terminal. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las publicaciones, el perfil y las consecuencias psicológicas en donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos tras la donación, variables que influyen en su aparición y manifestación y los principales métodos de evaluación. Para ello, se buscó en las bases de datos PsycInfo y Scopus usando los descriptores “living kidney” OR “living renal” AND don* OR recipient* OR transplant* AND psychol*, con un resultado final de 28 artículos y 2 revisiones sistemáticas. Se obtiene que las principales consecuencias psicológicas experimentadas por donantes y receptores están relacionadas con la calidad de vida, interacción social, satisfacción intrapersonal, depresión, ansiedad, fatiga psicológica y limitaciones en el rol social, evaluadas con una diversidad de instrumentos de medida. Estas consecuencias se ven influidas por variables como tener una edad avanzada, ser mujer o tener una mala relación con el receptor tras la intervención. En conclusión, los donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos pueden sufrir un conjunto heterogéneo de consecuencias psicológicas. Por tanto, es necesario realizar una evaluación temprana, detectando posibles grupos vulnerables ofreciéndoles una intervención sistemática y exhaustiva tras la donación.
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Citadas en el texto
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Analizadas en la revisión
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